![]() The patient’s HIV can then be DNA sequenced to determine if a mutation known to be associated with resistance is found. For example, an HIV patient can be monitored by a quantitative molecular test to determine whether or not the amount of viral load has significantly increased, which is a sign of resistance to the treatment. ![]() Tests can also be done to determine whether a person has become resistant to a specific drug and needs to change course in a treatment regimen. Direct testing involves the direct examination of a genes DNA or RNA code Linkage testing analyzes genetic markers co-inherited with a disease-causing gene. The field has expanded rapidly in recent years. For example, in breast cancer, they can investigate for specific inherited mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which may increase the patient's risk of breast and ovarian cancer.Īcquired gene mutations can be tested for in some cases, such as for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). A patient can then start therapy as soon as possible. Molecular diagnostics, also called molecular pathology, involves taking DNA or RNA, the unique genetic code found in our cells, and analyzing the sequences for red flags that can pinpoint the potential emergence of a specific disease. The child can then be treated for the disease, which can prolong his or her life.ĭoctors can perform a molecular test of a common inherited hereditary cancer. If a newborn is found to have two mutations in the gene associated with CF, the baby is most likely to have the condition. Those established tests could be replaced by rapid molecular diagnostics that are simple, easy to use, and highly accurate compared to the former gold standard methods. ![]() Inherited diseases can be tested for at the prenatal, newborn and adult stages of life.įor example, a commonly inherited disease is cystic fibrosis (CF). The simple and most common molecular diagnostic techniques used in the clinical laboratory were FISH, PCR, microarrays, MALDI-TOF, ELISA, and nucleotide. More recently, it has transitioned into a comprehensive syndromic approach that employs multiplex capabilities, including the simultaneous detection of two or more pathogens. Tests are typically performed to determine whether or not patients have a gene mutation associated with a specific disease, either as an inherited or an acquired mutation. Advantages of Molecular Testing Sensitivity: Amplification methodologies are particularly useful in increasing the sensitivity of a methodology and useful in. Point-of-care (POC) molecular diagnostics for clinical microbiology and virology has primarily focused on the detection of a single pathogen. ![]()
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